მსოფლიო რელიგიები

iudaizmi

iudaizmi anu, Zveli qarTuliT, huriaeba ebraelTa nacionaluri konfesiaa.
iTvleba, rom mas dasrulebuli saxe rabinma mose maimonidma Cv.w. XI I s-Si misca.
Tumca Semdegac ganicada cvlileba.
Zveli aRTqma saerTo pirvelwyaroa rogorc qristianTa, ise iudevelTaTvis, magram
mis dedaazrs TiToeuli sxvadasxvanairad acnobierebs. es pirvel rigSi gamosyidvis
dogmatis mimarT iTqmis. iudaizmSi areklilia ebraelTa erovnuli Tvalsazrisebi
da interesebi. misTvis ucxoa `rCeuli eris~ simboluri gageba; am cnebis ganvrcoba
da gaRrmaveba universalurobamde, e.i. erovnuli zRudeebis msxvreva da `rCeuli
eris~ qveS yoveli naTelRebuli da mironcxebuli pirovnebis moazreba.
Zv.w. 929 wels, mefe solomonis Semdeg, israelis erTiani samefo daiSala. warmoiSva ori saxelmwifo: israeli da iudea. ukanaskneli, ZiriTadad, iudas toms
aerTianebda, sadac daviTis Stodan unda dabadebuliyo erovnuli gmiri, mxsneli,
mesia (cxebuli). amdenad, ebraelebi, dampyrobTagan devnilni da Seviwroebulni,
mesiisagan elodnen da elian erovnul xsnas _ erTiani, Zlieri samefos aRdgenas.
mxsneli ki (gavixsenoT winaswarmetyveleba da aRTqma) marTlac iudas tomidan
unda gamosuliyo. amitom ewoda ebraelTa religias iudaizmi.
533 wels, babilonis tyveobidan dabrunebis Semdeg, ebraelebma ierusalimSi
iahves sadideblad solomonis taZari aRadgines, daaweses dResaswauli xanuka
(~satfureba~, ~ganaxleba~) da Camoayalibes axali religiuri Temi. winamZRvrebma
am TemSi ar Seiyvanes isini, vinc tyveobaSi ar iyvnen namyofi da palestinaSi darCnen. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom am Temis wiaRSi miiRo iudaizmma, rogorc religiurma
sistemam, Camoyalibebuli saxe.
axali religiuri Temis gareT darCenilma ebraelebma samarielTa seqta Seqmnes, romelic dResac arsebobs.
amis Semdeg ebraul sazogadoebaSi konfliqti kidev ufro gaRrmavda. igi gadaizarda religiur antagonizmSi. erovnuli sxeuli daiyo da daqucmacda. iudaizmis
SigniT (Zv.w. I I s-Si) farisevelTa da sadukevelTa religiur-politikuri partiebi
warmoiqmna, romlebmac Toris (xuTwigneulis) mcnebebis axleburi gaazreba scades.
farisevelTa da sadukevelTa arsebiTi niSani iyo rjulis kanonebis zedmiwevniTi,
pedanturi dacva, yuradRebis gadatana sarwmunoebis garegan mxareze.

Zveli welTaRricxvis dasasrulsa da axal eraSi ramdenime seqta Camoyalibda,
maT Soris _ nazorevelTa seqta, romelic mkvdari zRvis sanapiroebze moqmedebda.
mas eseelTa Temsac uwodebdnen, sadac, savaraudebelia, aRizarda ioane naTlismcemeli. am seqtis wevrebi ar Wamdnen mcenareul sakvebs. gavixsenoT, rom ioane
naTlismcemelic mxolod velur Taflsa da kaliebs (mkals) Wamda. maT mdidari
literaturuli memkvidreoba darCaT, romelTa fasi Tanamedrove mecnierebisaTvis ganuzomelia.
1947 wlis gazafxuli Cveni saukunis erT-erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani arqeologiuri aRmoCeniT aRiniSna. mkvdari zRvis auzSi, iordanes udabnoSi, ierusalimis aRmosavleTiT, yumranSi, erTi beduini, rodesac dakarguli Txis saZebrad daexeteboda,
waawyda uZveles samalavs. igi moTavsebuli iyo mRvimeSi, romelic ramdenime darbazs
Seicavs. darbazebi savse iyo sxvadasxva daniSnulebis sagnebiT _ sayofacxovrebo da
sakancelario nivTebiT, romelTagan Tvals xvdeboda etratis gragnilTa simravle.
beduini mixvda, rom bedma gauRima da es ambavi mezoblebs axara. gairkva, rom im raionis
mkvidrni kldis napralebSi Turme adrec poulobdnen xelnawerebs, romelTac
fexsacmelSi Casafenad xmarobdnen. axla ki igrZnes, rom maTi meSveobiT SesaZlebelia
gamdidreba da aRmoCenis Taobaze adgilobriv sasuliero pirebs acnobes. saqmeSi
male mecnierebi da saxelmwifoTa meTaurebic Caerien. daiwyo manuskriptTa Sesyidva
kolosalur fasebSi _ dolarebze, ramac beduinTa enTuziazmi gaacxovela da pirvels
sxva aranakleb sayuradRebo aRmoCenebi mohyva. 10 weliwads grZeldeboda gaTxrebi.
gamovlinda 10.000 fragmenti 400-mde nawarmoebisa. maT mecnierul SeswavlaSi
monawileoba miiRes msoflios saukeTeso specialistebma. isini mividnen daskvnamde:
aRniSnuli dasaxlebis patroni iyo xalxi, romelic istoriaSi cnobilia  eseelTa
(esevelTa) saxeliT. savaraudebelia, rom maTi centri iyo yumranSi. isini iq
saxlobdnen Zveli welTaRricxvis 150 wlidan axali eris 70 wlamde. seqta simkacriT

gamoirCeoda. amas adasturebs maTi biblioTeka da iq aRmoCenili `Temis wesdeba~.
esaa sakmaod vrceli teqsti, romelic exeba seqtis organizacias da misi wevrebis
ufleba-movaleobas, maT religiur ritualebs da Seicavs sisxlis samarTlis kodeqss.
es dokumenti adasturebs  Cv.w. I s-is ebraeli mwerlebis ioseb flabiusisa da filon
aleqsandrielis uwyebebs am `ucnauri xalxis~ cxovrebasa da zne-Cveulebebze. filoni
ambobs, rom eseelni miekuTvnebian ebrael ers; isini arian oTxasze meti; cxovroben
soflebSi da eridebian qalaqebs; dasaqmebulni arian xelosnobis im dargebiT, romelTac araferi aqvT saerTo omTan. maT ar hyavT monebi da ar gaaCniaT sakuTari
saxlebi. samagierod aqvT saerTo sawyobebi da salaroebi, aqvT saerTo tansacmeli,
saerTo sakvebi... isini icaven mama-papaTa kanonebs. am kanonebs  maT gamudmebiT uqadageben. maTi cxovrebis wesebs sami ZiriTadi safuZveli ganapirobebs: RvTis siyvaruli, saTnoebis siyvaruli da qvelmoqmedeba. gansxvavebiT TavianTi winaprebisagan,
RvTismsaxurebisas `cxovelebs ki ar swiraven RmerTs, aramed ganiwmenden suls~...

zogierTi cnobis Tanaxmad, eseelni (anu igive nazorevelni) ubiwod cxovrebas
eweodnen: ar hqondaT ojaxebi. sabolood garkveuli araa, Tu ra iyo seqtis ase
swrafad gadaSenebis mizezi. cxadia erTi: am ganStoebam qristianul moZRvrebasa da
eklesias garkveulwilad niadagi Seumzada, razec migvaniSnebs ioane winamorbedis
qadageba: `ganmzadeniT gzani uflisani da wrfel-hyveniT alagni misni~ (maTe 3:3).
Cv.w. V I I I  s-Si eraySi, siriasa da palestinaSi warmoiSva yaraimTa seqta, romelic
uaryofda oficialuri iudaizmis mraval debulebas. maT Soris mesiis movlinebisa
da mkvdarTa aRdgomis dogmatebs. amdenad, es mimdinareoba TiTqmis mTlianad
moswyda da CamoSorda iudaistur religias, radgan uaryo am religiisaTvis
mTavari da specifikuri _ mesiis rwmena.
iudaizmis istoriaSi TvalsaCino roli Seasrula kabalam. esaa  wigni, romelsac safuZvlad daedo religiuri zepirgadmocemebi. amaze mianiSnebs TviT termini _ kabala (ebr. kab. `gadmocema~). es wigni TariRdeba X I I I -XIV ss-iT. mas axasiaTebs
misticizmi da zogierTi Teologiuri sakiTxebis Taviseburi interpretacia. mis
mimdevrebs swamT sulebis gardasaxvis SesaZlebloba (metemfsiqozi), ris gamoc,
rogorc amboben, kabalisturi mistika iqca jadoqrobisa da magiis iaraRad.
kabalis zegavleniT  X V I I I   s-Si poloneTsa da ruseTSi, Semdeg ki dasavleT
evropasa da aSS-Si aRmocenda iudaizmis axali mimdinareoba _  xasidizmi  (ebr.
RvTismosavi). misi ZiriTadi mizani iyo da aris iudeuri RvTismsaxurebis reforma,
ritualebis ricxvis Semcireba. samagierod _ yuradRebis gadatana TiToeuli pirovnebis rolsa da adgilze samyaroSi, suliersa da zneobriv srulyofaze. xasidizmis mamaTmTavrad iTvleba moxetiale mkurnali israel ben eliezeri anu beSti
(1700-1760). igi ar uaryofda wignier sibrZnes, ebraelTa aTaswlovan tradiciebs
da religiur ritualebs, magram ambobda, rom xasidis Rvawli ufro aRmatebulia,
vidre Talmudis wesebis gulmodgined Sesruleba, radgan pirveli efuZneba Sinagan rwmenas da sindiss, meore _ kanons; pirvels warmarTavs siyvaruli, meores _
SiSi da movaleoba. mkvlevrebi aRniSnaven, rom xasidTa moZRvrebis zogierTi detali exmianeba im WeSmaritebebs, romlebic qristianobis, rogorc universaluri
religiis safuZvelSia Cadebuli. es arcaa gasakviri, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT tertulianes sityvebs, rom adamianis suli dabadebiT qristiania. marTlac, xasidebis
religiuri intuicia gasaocari gamWriaxobiT Caswvda RvTis inkarnaciis (gansxeulebis) dogmatis siRrmes. amas cxadyofs `xasiduri swavlani~, romelic qarTul
enaze Targmna da komentarebi daurTo zurab kiknaZem (Jurn. `religia~, 1992, N 6).
iq vkiTxulobT: Tu gvinda vixsnaT lafSi Cavardnili adamiani, sakmarisi ar aris
xelis gawvdena. mxsneli Tavadac unda Cavides ormoSi, lafSi; mxsnelma Tavis Tavze
unda itirTos is sibinZure, romelic dagrovda adams aqeT am wuTisofelSi...
vfiqrobT, Cveni mkiTxvelebisaTvis am Segonebis azri gamWvirvalea.
iudaizmis pirvelwyaro, Torasa da Zveli aRTqmis sxva wignebTan erTad, aris Talmudi. `Talmudi~ ebrauli sityvaa da niSnavs `Seswavlas~. Talmudi aerTianebs
iudaistur RvTismetyvelebas, saRvTismsaxuro praqtikas da samarTals. Talmudi,
faqtobrivad Zveli aRTqmis egzegeza anu Targmanebaa farTo da mravalmxrivi profiliT. Talmudi Taobidan Taobas zepirad gadaecemoda. Semdeg ki daiwyes misi
Cawera, rasac saTave farisevlebma da sadukevelebma daudes. misi srulyofis procesi 7-8 saukunis manZilze mimdinareobda da dasrulebuli saxe V s-Si miiRo. ase
Seiqmna veeberTela krebuli, romelic iyofa 6 ganyofilebad da 63 traqtatad.
mxolod masze dayrdnobiTaa SesaZlebeli iudaisturi religiis arsSi garkveva.
iudaizmi monoTeisturi religiaa; aRiarebs erTaderT RmerTs, _ samyaros
Semoqmeds, romelsac mravali epiTetiT vuxmobT:  iahve (damaxinjebuli formaa
`ieRova~), adonai, eli, sabaoT da sxva. iudaizmis Tanaxmad, RmerTi aris ara mxolod erTi, aramed _ erTsaxovanic. ebraelTaTvis miuRebelia erTarseba-samebis
rwmena. maT dauSveblad miaCniaT agreTve RvTis gankacebis saidumlo.
iudaisturi moZRvrebis ZiriTadi dogmatebi rabinma mose maimonidma reziumes
saxiT warmoadgina (qristianuli `rwmenis simbolos~ msgavsad). mas ewodeba `rwmenis 13 simbolo~. esenia: 1. arsebobs RmerTi, romelmac Seqmna samyaro; 2. is erTia;
3. is usxeuloa; 4. is maradiulia; 5. unda vilocoT mxolod masze; 6. RvTiuri
gamocxadebani WeSmaritebaa; 7. mose yvelaze didi winaswarmetyvelia; 8. Tora, e.i.
bibliis pirveli xuTi wigni, RmerTma ukarnaxa moses; 9. moses kanonis Secvla sxva
kanoniT ar SeiZleba; 10. RvTiuri gangeba marTavs samyaros; 11. arsebobs keTilisaTvis jildo da borotisaTvis sasjeli; 12. israelSi mova mesia; 13. mkvdreTiT
aRdgoma WeSmaritebaa.
rogorc vxedavT, aqaa rwmena, rom mesia anu cxebuli (e.i. qriste) mova israelSi.
es azri ormxrivadaa sayuradRebo. pirveli _ igi mianiSnebs iudaizmis nacionalur
xasiaTze: mesia ixsnis mxolod da mxolod ebraelTa modgmas; meore _ mesia TiTqos
jer ar mosula: `rCeuli eri~ mas elodeba dRes da yovel dRe. swams, rom igi
iqneba daviT-ieses Zis STamomavali, `ieses ylorti~ _ ben iSai. `ratom ar modis
ben iSai?~ _ swuxda espaneTis galuTSi (gadasaxlebasa da ltolvilebaSi) myofi
ebraeli poeti XI saukunisa. Tumca, qristianTa rwmeniT, `ben iSai~ didi xnis mosuli, jvarcmuli da mkvdreTiT aRmdgari iyo.
iudevelebis anu, Zveli qarTuliT, huriebis (ebraelebis) saerTo ricxvi bolo
monacemebis mixedviT 20 milions aRemateba. maTgan yvelaze meti israelsa da  aSSSi cxovrobs, Tumca ebraelebs diasporebi msoflios TiTqmis yvela qveyanaSi aqvT.
saqarTveloSi ebrauli dasaxlebebis istoria, qarTlis cxovrebis mixedviT,
Zv.w. VI s-idan, nabuqodonosoris mier ierusalimis dalaSqvris xanidan, iwyeba. metnaklebi masStabis Semosaxlebebs SemdegSic hqonda adgili. gansakuTrebiT ax.w.
70 wlis axlo xans, rodesac romaelebma iudevelTa ajanyeba sisxlSi CaaxSves,
ierusalimi wartyvevnes da solomonis taZari nacartutad aqcies. wm. nino,rodesac qarTlSi Semovida, Tavidan ebraelTa baginSi (sinagogaSi) cxovrobda da
misi qadagebis Sedegad pirvelad ebraelebi gaqristiandnen (mRvdeli abiaTari,
sidonia da sxv.). Zveli werilobiTi wyaroebi da ukanaskneli xanis arqeologiuri
aRmoCenebi (samarxebi da epigrafikuli Zeglebi) Cvens  istoriaSi maT aqtiur
monawileobaze metyvelebs. ebraelebi saqarTvelos sxvadasxva raionSi kompaqturad saxldebodnen da, rogorc wesi, qalaquri tipis dasaxlebebs uyridnen safuZvels. isini vaWrobdnen, mogzaurobdnen da eqsport-imports misdevdnen, riTac
Cveni qveynis garesamyarosTan urTierTobis gaRrmavebas uwyobdnen xels. am faqts
ki, Tavis mxriv, wvlili saqarTvelos civilizebul msofliosTan kulturul integraciaSi Sehqonda.
qarTvelma ebraelebma SemoqmedebiTi unari mecnierebis, xelovnebisa, literaturisa da sportis asparezzec gamoavlines. maTi Zveli sinagogebi, saflavTa kompleqsebi Tu xelnawerebi (maT Soris lailaSis X s-is Tora) rogorc ebrauli, ise
qarTuli kulturis istoriis Semadgeneli nawilebia.
ebraelTa dasaxlebebi saqarTvelos bevr raionSi gvxvdeba. maTi qarTuli diaspora adre mravalricxovani da Ronieri iyo, magram mas Semdeg, rac ssrk-dan
ebraelTa deportacia daiwyo, saqarTveloSi iudaizmis mimdevarTa ricxvi erTob
Semcirda da dRes 10.000-s ar aRemateba. yvelaze didi sinagoga (sakrebulo) Tbilisisaa, Semdeg _ goris, quTaisis, rusTavis, baTumis, axalcixis, onis da a.S.
ebraeloba dRes locvisa da rjulismieri cxovrebis stilis mixedviT ZiriTadad or nawiladaa gayofili: sefaradebad da aSqenazebad. sefaradebad aRmosavluri wesis ebraelebi iwodebian, aSqenazebad _ dasavluri wesisanni. qarTveli
ebraelebis didi nawili (80%) Tavis Tavs sefaradad Tvlis. isini ZirZveli qarTulenovani ebraelebi arian. aSqenazebi XIX s-Si gadmosaxldnen ruseTidan, poloneTidan da dasavleT evropis sxva qveynebidan. saqarTveloSi maT ufro rusulenovan
ebraelebad icnoben.

ბუდიზმი

  budizmi gavrcelebulia aRmosavleT aziaSi, magram mimdevarni TiTqmis yvela kontinentze hyavs. warmoiSva Zv.w. VI-V ss-Si CrdiloeT indoeTSi. misTvis niSandoblivia Zveli da Semdgomdroindeli sinkretizacia sxvadasxva sistemasTan _ brahmanizm-induizmTan, daoizmTan, ZenizmTan da a.S., ris gamoc budizmis Tavdapirveli saxe advilad gaiTqvifa adgilobriv kultebSi. budizms, rogorc sistemas, ar gaaCnia wes-gangebis dadgenili saxe anu tibikoni. visac budistur qveynebSi umogzauria, ambobs, rom 

aramcTu olqebsa da qalaqebs, aramed soflebsa da ubnebsac ki erTmaneTisagan SesamCnevad gansxvavebuli kultmsaxurebis tradicia aqvs. es religia, dRidan daarsebisa, ganicdis cvalebadobas. budizms zogjer  aTeistur religias uwodeben da arcTu usafuZvlod. budistebisaTvis ucxoa pirovnuli RmerTis rwmena. maTi religia arc monoTeisturia,arc poliTeisturi da arc panTeisteri. isini yuradRebas ar amaxvileben samyaros Semqmnelis, mfarvelisa da ganmgeblis Sesaxeb. RmerTi, maTi gagebiT, ganusazRvrelobaa, okeanea, saidanac gamosxlta adamiani da sadac unda dabrundes misiis aRsrulebis Semdeg. bunebrivia, aseT RmerTs _ nebis, fiqrisa da survilis armqone arsebas (ufro sworad, ararsebobas) _ ver vigulvebT mxsnelad. gza xsnisa pirovnebam TviTon unda moZebnos. esaa cxovreba budas moZRvrebis kvaldakval.    

    buda cxovrobda VI s-Si qristemde. igi iyo indoeTis erT-erTi tomis, Sakiebis,ufliswuli, gautamas gvaridan. misma dedam _ maiam (maha-maiam `didma maiam~) Svilis dabadebamde sizmarSi TeTri spilo ixila, romelic ferdSi Seuvida. sidhartac,ase daarqves bavSvs, dedis ferdidan daibada. deda ki gardaicvala. Saswaulebrivi Soba damaxasiaTebelia gansakuTrebuli momavlisa da daniSnulebis pirovnebisaTvis. aseTi iyo sidharta, rac niSnavs `mowodebis aRmsrulebels~. mogvebmac uwinaswarmetyveles mamas: Seni Svili mefe gaxdeba, oRond ara ama qveynisao. mSobeli, amis gamgone, daizafra, radgan ar surda, rom memkvidre religiur moRvaweobas Sedgomoda da amqveyniur didebaze uari eTqva. igi Svils fufunebaSi _ sagangebod mowyobil sasaxlesa da baRnarSi zrdida, garesamyarosagan izolirebiT; cdilobda, momaval mefes cxovrebis Wirvarami da Crdilovani mxareebi ar exila, wuTisoflis xmaurs mis yuramde ar mieRwia, rom misgan ganSorebis survili ar gasCenoda.miuxedavad amisa, sidharta Tavs bednierad ver grZnobda. xSirad ganmartovdeboda, dajdeboda sadme kunWulSi da miecemoda fiqrebs. mamas ar eama es faqti. ifiqra: Svili gandegilad ar wavideso da saswrafod SerTo mSvenieri asuli _ iasidori.magram sidhartam mainc moaxerxa sasaxles moSoreboda da exile amqveyniuri Wir-varami. iwyo fiqri, Tu rogor unda daexsna Tavi adamians borotebisa da satanjvelisagan. Svidi wlis ganmavlobaSi is misi ojaxisgan moSorebiT iyo. sidharta gautama amaod Trgunavda xorcs, amaod gvemda sakuTar sxeuls, raTa  gamoesyida Tavisi uzrunveli da fufunebiani cxovreba sasaxleSi; amaod ukirkitebda wmida wignebs am wuTisoflis saidumlos amosaxsnelad. ase uSedegod grZeldeboda TviTgvema... da, ai, erTi mdinaris napiras, bodhis xis Ziras, igi gasxivosnda: gamoecxada oTxi WeSmariteba. aq daerqva mas budha (`gasxivosnebuli~). misi pirveli zraxva iyo xalxisaTivis gaecxadebina es WeSmaritebani, rogorc wamali  tanjvisa. 

 misi pirveli msmenelebi iyvnen xuTi adamiani da ori iremi. qadageba ase daiwyo: `bWeni xsnisa dae gancxaddes suyvelasaTvis! adamianebo, ganixveniT yurni Tqveni da mismineT me: gza xsnisa napovnia! me gmoZRvravT Tqven da, Tu Cemi  swavlis Tanaxmad icxovrebT, miiRebT imas, ris gulisTvisac keTilSobilni Wabukni toveben samSoblos da midian ucxo qveynebSi gasanaTleblad. Tqven pirispir ixilavT WeSmaritebas~. WeSmariteba aris oTxi:

1.  arsebobs tanjva. yvelaferi tanjvaa wuTisofelSi. 2. arsebobs tanjvis mizezi. es aris wyurvili yofnisa, arsebobisa, sicocxlisa,rasac adamiani mihyavs dabadebidan dabadebisken. 3.  arsebobs gankurneba: gaTavisufleba yoveli survilisgan. 4. arsebobs gza gankurnebisa da xsnisa, romelic rva safexurisgan, bilikisagan Sedgeba.tanjvaTa mospobis gza moicavs agreTve xuT mcnebas: 1. ar mokla arc erTi kaci,arc erTi cxoveli, arc erTi cocxali arseba; 2. ar moiparo; 3. ar imruSo; 4. Ar icruo; 5. ar iloTo!mxolod aRniSnul WeSmaritebaTa da mcnebaTa meoxebiT aRwevs adamiani nirvanas.

nirvana aris sruli simSvide: ara sicocxle, ara sikvdili, aramed _ Taviseburi yofna, ufro _ zeyofna, roca yoveli SegrZneba nulovan wertilSia moqceuli. pirveli mokvdavTagan, vinc miaRwia nirvanas, iyo buda, romelic ise ar momkvdara, rogorc mokvdavni kvdebian. ormoci wlis xetialisa da WeSmaritebaTa qadagebis Semdeg, oTxmocdaxuTi wlis asakSi, igi wavida nirvanaSi, rasac budistebi amgvarad saxeldeben:  maha-pari-nirvana anu `didi gadasvla nirvanaSi~. budizmi pasuxs ar cems kiTxvaze, rogor warmoiSva samyaro. yvelaferi, rac arsebobs, mudam arsebobda, yvelaferi mudmiv cvalebadobaSia. samyaro mxolod iluziaa. erTaderTi realuri, WeSmariti arseboba aqvs nirvanas, riskenac unda miiswrafodes adamiani. budistebi mizanSewonilad ar Tvlian fiqrs imazec, Tu ra elis adamians sikvdilis Semdeg. maTi TqmiT, es Semecnebis wyurvilia, rac iwvevs tanjvas. unda vicodeT erTi ram: Tavidan rom aviciloT gardasaxvaTa wrebrunva, vicxovroT bunebasTan SeTanxmebiT. yvelaferSi saWiroa zomiereba. unda vimoqmedoT gonivrulad, yovelTvis SevinarCunoT sulieri simSvide. unda SeveguoT, rom yovelive warmavalia.

Cveni erTaderTi sazrunavia: gaviumjobesoT karma, raTa momavalSi ufro da ufro maRali registris arsebad movevlinoT wuTisofels. bolos ki _ vZlioT igi, vZlioT samsara da miveaxloT nirvanas. buda gvaswavlis: `mwuxarebis samefoSi nirvana ar arsebobs, nirvana mwuxarebis uaryofaa. me, gautama, zneobis TviTgaumjobesebas vwirav Cems Tavs, raTa umaRles zneobriv simSvides, nirvanas mivaRwio~.

budizmSi, qristes moZRvrebis msgavsad, uaryofilia borotebis winaaRmdegborotebiTve brZola, orivegan umaRlesi zneobrivi principia mtris siyvaruli (`giyvardeT mterni Tqvenni~, maTe 5:44). budistur wignebSi vkiTxulobT: `vai imas, vinc Zaladobas ZaladobiT ebrZvis!... mtroba arasodes mospobila mtrobiTve, aramed siyvaruliT... nu gvZuls, visac vezizRebiT. moviklaT gulSi mtrobis grZnoba... ganrisxeba sikeTiT daamarcxe, boroteba _ siqveliT~. sxvagan: `man gamlanZRa,  mcema, mtanja!... vinc ase hgodebs, mtrobis grZnoba daixSos gulSi, radgan mtroba mtrobiTve ver moispoba. misi Zleva aramtrobiT Tu SeiZleba. amgvari wesia ukunisidan~. marTalia budizmi indoeTSi warmoiSva, magram ufro farTo gavrceleba am qveynis gareT hpova, gansakuTrebiT CineTSi, CineTis gziT ki iaponiaSi, koreaSi, Soreuli aRmosavleTis bevr sxva qveyanaSi. budizmis Zlieri kera arsebobda tibetSi, sadac tibetur enaze Seiqmna umdidresi budisturi literatura. tibetis gavleniT budizmi monRolebs Sorisac gavrcelda. am moZRvrebiT dainteresebuli arian Tanamedrove anTroposofebi. maTi Teoria ZiriTadad efuZneba rwmenas karmasa da samsaraze.

budistebis saerTo ricxvi dRes 359 milions aRwevs.

მსოფლიო რელიგიები

mainteresebs adreuli religiuri formebi,rogor mivida sazogadoeba mravalRmerTianobidan erTRmerTianobamde, mainteresebs religiuri tolerantobis mniSvneloba da saqarTveloSi arsebuli religiebi.